Design of Type A Terminal Layout Based on User Experience to Improve Circulation Efficiency and Comfort

Authors

  • Budi Mardikawati Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Ida Ayu Masyuni Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Asep Eka Nugraha Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • A.A. Bagus Oka Khrisna Surya Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Yusime Fitasari Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Firga Ariani Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Enni Sulfiana Politeknik ATI Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v6i2.451

Keywords:

circulation efficiency, user experience, terminal layout design, transportation terminal, user comfort

Abstract

Mengwi Terminal, as a Type A terminal, plays an important role in the land transportation system in Bali; however, its utilization has not been optimal due to irregular circulation, unclear spatial zoning, and low user comfort. This study aims to design a terminal layout based on user experience to improve circulation efficiency and comfort. The research employed a mixed approach through field observation, user journey mapping, and user perception surveys on ease of use, accessibility, and terminal space quality. The analysis focused on passenger movement patterns, circulation bottlenecks, and the integration of facility zoning. The results indicate major obstacles in pedestrian pathways, conflicts between passenger and vehicle movements, and the lack of intuitive wayfinding systems. Based on these findings, a user experience–based terminal layout design was developed, emphasizing the separation of arrival and departure flows, improved spatial zoning, and strengthened visual information systems. The proposed design enhances circulation flow and user comfort while supporting the development of Mengwi Terminal as a more effective and user-oriented transportation hub.

References

Almaas, Z. A., & Dianingrum, A. (2025). Penerapan Wayfinding Terhadap Konsep Tata Ruang dan Sirkulasi pada Redesain Terminal Tipe A Kota Magelang. Senthong Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Arsitektur, 8(1), 37–44. https://jurnal.ft.uns.ac.id/index.php/senthong/index

Babi?, D., Kali?, M., Jani?, M., Doži?, S., & Kuki?, K. (2022). Integrated Door-to-Door Transport Services for Air Passengers: From Intermodality to Multimodality. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116503

Bangun, N., Intarti, K., Br. Karo, S., Dewiningsih, S., & Tahar, S. (2023). System quality, information quality, system design quality website PT KCI berpengaruh terhadap user satisfaction. JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia), 9(2), 944. https://doi.org/10.29210/020232339

Boc, K., Štimac, I., Pivac, J., & Bra?i?, M. (2023). An Empirical Investigation: Does New Airport Terminal Infrastructure Improve the Customer Experience? Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713188

Callista, N., & Sumadyo, A. (2022). Pengembangan Terminal Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma di Jakarta dengan Pendekatan Desain Futuristik pada Tampilan Bangunan. Senthong Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Arsitektur, 5(2), 270–279. https://jurnal.ft.uns.ac.id/index.php/senthong/index

Cartenì, A., Henke, I., Falanga, A., & Picone, M. (2025). Transport quality and user perception: Effect of bus station hedonic quality on student trip behavior. Journal of Transport Geography, 126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2025.104235

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design, Qualitatives, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approcahes (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

D T., U., Jude, B., Daniel, I., & Dubem, I. (2024). Exploring Architectural Strategies to Ease Movement in Modern Inter-State Bus Terminals. Inernational Journal of Innovative Engineering Research and Development, 1(2), 19–34.

Eka, P., Kadek, P., Wismayanti, W. D., Purnamaningsih, P. E., Wiwin, K., & Wismayanti, D. (2021). Strategi Optimalisasi Manajemen Pelayanan Publik di Terminal Mengwi Kabupaten Badung (Studi kasus: Peralihan Terminal Ubung ke Terminal Mengwi). Jurnal Satyagraha, 04(01), 65–69. https://doi.org/doi:https://doi.org/10.47532/jis.v4i1.225

Fadzana, M. S., & Diartono, D. A. (2024). Pengaruh User Experience (UX) Design Terhadap Kemudahan Pengguna dalam Menggunakan Aplikasi TIX ID. Jurnal JTIK (Jurnal Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi), 8(3), 597–604.

Febriansyah, F. R., & Cahyono, U. J. (2024). Redesain Terminal Bandara Adisutjipto Yogyakarta dalam Upaya Peningkatan Kebutuhan Ruang. Senthong Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Arsitektur, 7(3), 844–851. https://jurnal.ft.uns.ac.id/index.php/senthong/index

Hair, J. F., Astrachan, C. B., Moisescu, O. I., Radomir, L., Sarstedt, M., Vaithilingam, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2021). Executing and interpreting applications of PLS-SEM: Updates for family business researchers. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 12(3), 100392. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfbs.2020.100392

Hu, Xiaojian, & Xu, Lurong. (2022). How Guidance Signage Design Influences Passengers’ Wayfinding Performance in Metro Stations: Case Study of a Virtual Reality Experiment. Transportation Research Record, 2677(1), 1118–1129. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981221103591

Jin, W., Yao, Y., Ren, G., & Zhao, X. (2022). Evaluation of Integration Information Signage in Transport Hubs Based on Building Information Modeling and Virtual Reality Technologies. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14169811

Liu, T., Shan, J., Liu, X., & Shang, T. (2022). Departure efficiency evaluation of a comprehensive transport hub based on Wi-Fi probe data and a multilayer hybrid model. PLoS ONE, 17(3 March). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264473

Lucas, K., Philips, I., & Verlinghieri, E. (2022). A mixed methods approach to the social assessment of transport infrastructure projects. Transportation, 49(1), 271–291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11116-021-10176-6

Mardikawati, B., Surya, A. A. B. O. K., Nugraha, A. E., & Masyuni, I. A. (2024). Analisis Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Preferensi Pengguna terhadap Pemilihan Terminal Menggunakan Metode SEM, IPA dan CSI (Studi Kasus di Terminal Mengwi, Badung, Bali).

Masyuni, I. A., Nugroho, B. K., Mardikawati, B., & Hidayat, D. W. (2021). Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Angkutan Bus Antar Kota Antar Propinsi Menggunakan Metode Holt Winters. Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi Dan Logistik, 2(1), 49–56.

Meyer-Hollatz, T., Kaiser, M., Keller, R., & Schober, M. (2024). Understanding information needs for seamless intermodal transportation: Evidence from Germany. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 130, 104161. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2024.104161

Mufarrihana, A. K., Wahyudono, & Adriansyah, F. (2025). Analisis Ketersediaan Rambu (Signage) pada Area Terminal Penumpang di Bandar Udara Internasional Yogyakarta. Aurelia: Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengabdian Masyarakat Indonesia, 4(2), 3661–3668. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.57235/aurelia.v4i2.6823

Oluwatayo, A. A., & Nzeh, M. E. (2025). The Influence of Pedestrian Circulation Strategies on User Experience in Train Terminals. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 9(3), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.090306

Setiawan, D., Priyanto, S., & Amrozi, M. R. F. (2024). Integration of Public Transport Systems for Enhanced Passenger Mobility: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Transport Development and Integration, 8(1), 109–118. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijtdi.080110

Zhao, X., Guo, D., Chen, Y., Wu, Y., Zhu, X., Du, C., & Chen, Z. (2025). Sustainable Comfort Design in Underground Shopping Malls: A User-Centric Analysis of Spatial Features. Sustainability (Switzerland), 17(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062717

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Mardikawati, B., Masyuni, I. A. ., Nugraha, A. E. ., Surya, A. B. O. K. ., Fitasari, Y. ., Ariani, F. ., & Sulfiana, E. . (2025). Design of Type A Terminal Layout Based on User Experience to Improve Circulation Efficiency and Comfort . Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi Dan Logistik, 6(2), 145-166. https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v6i2.451

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>