Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi dan Logistik

Optimization of Port Terminal Operations: A Case Study of Analysis of Export–Import Document Digitalization to Improve Logistics Efficiency

Hendra Yuda Novianto — 2026-06-30

The rapid development of information technology has encouraged logistics companies to adopt digital systems to improve operational efficiency. Export–import document management is one of the logistics activities that significantly benefits from digital transformation. This study aims to analyze the implementation of export–import document digitalization at PT Lini Trans Sejahtera Denpasar and formulate appropriate strategies to enhance logistics efficiency. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach using observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. Data were analyzed through comparative analysis and SWOT analysis supported by IFAS and EFAS matrices. The results indicate that digitalization improves processing speed, reduces administrative errors, enhances accessibility, and strengthens data security. The SWOT analysis generated an IFAS score of 2.81 and an EFAS score of 2.74, placing the company in Quadrant I, indicating a strong position to pursue aggressive growth strategies. Strategic priorities include optimizing Transportation Management Systems (TMS) and Warehouse Management Systems (WMS), expanding cooperation with exporters, enhancing specialized export–import services, and integrating artificial intelligence and blockchain technologies. The study concludes that export–import document digitalization positively contributes to logistics efficiency and strengthens organizational competitiveness in the logistics industry.

Power Consumption and Performance Analysis of A 72 V 2000 W Electric Motorcycle Conversion Using Votol and Nanjing Controllers

Beny Dwifa — 2026-06-30

The increasing adoption of electric motorcycles, particularly conversion-based systems, has highlighted the importance of improving energy efficiency and optimizing motor controller performance. This study evaluates the power consumption and dynamic performance of a converted electric motorcycle equipped with a 72 V, 2000 W brushless DC (BLDC) motor using two programmable controllers, Votol and Nanjing. Performance was assessed through chassis dynamometer testing at constant speeds of 25, 30, 40, and 50 km/h to measure torque, power output, and energy consumption. A 30 km road test along the Gianyar–Tabanan route was also conducted to examine energy use under real-world riding conditions. The results showed clear differences between the two controllers. The Votol controller delivered higher low-speed torque (19.57 Nm), providing better acceleration and throttle response, which are advantageous for stop-and-go urban traffic. In contrast, the Nanjing controller demonstrated slightly higher energy efficiency at 50 km/h, consuming 14.24 Wh compared with 14.98 Wh for the Votol controller. During the road test, the Votol-equipped motorcycle achieved an average energy consumption of 0.029 kWh/km. These findings demonstrate that controller selection significantly influences both vehicle performance and energy efficiency, providing useful guidance for optimizing converted electric motorcycles for daily urban transportation.

Traffic Performance, Fuel Consumption, and Vehicle Emission Analysis of Fixed Time and Adaptive Atsc System (Case Study: Pacific Intersection, Tegal City)

Edi Purwanto — 2026-06-30

Signalized intersections are critical points in urban road networks that impact not only traffic performance, but also fuel consumption and vehicle exhaust emissions. This study examines the Pacific Intersection of Tegal City that serves the North Coast (Pantura) Java traffic using analytical methods based on the Pedoman Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (PKJI) 2023 and LAPI-ITB Model emission estimates. Three optimization scenarios were tested: Scenario 1 (cycle time optimization with existing phases), Scenario 2 (cycle time optimization with an early green 2-phase system, and without BKiJT), and Scenario 3 (cycle time optimization with an early green 3-phase system, and without BKiJT). The results show that the existing condition has a maximum Degree of Saturation (DS) of 0.90 with a delay of 33.7 seconds/pcu and CO emissions of 12,776.5 grams/hour. Scenario 2 produces the best performance with DS 0.852, delay 31.8 seconds/pcu, and is able to reduce fuel consumption costs by 3.78% and reduce CO emissions by 4.26% compared to existing conditions. The development of Scenario 2 using adaptive cycle time compared to fixed cycle time successfully reduces delays to level of service C in most of the observation period and saves fuel costs by Rp 204.478,- or 15.2% and reduces CO emissions by 6421.53 grams/l or 15.48% during peak and off-peak hours. This study proves that the APILL phase arrangement with an adaptive approach provides optimal solutions both technically and environmentally in accordance with the principles of engineering K3L.

Ant Colony Optimization-Based Routing for Humanitarian Aid Distribution in Flood and Landslide-Affected Areas of Kebumen Regency

Lukman Adhitama — 2026-06-30

Natural disasters such as floods and landslides are recurring phenomena in Kebumen Regency, with the latest major incident occurring in March and May 2025 when extreme rainfall caused river overflows and road disconnections. In such conditions, rapid and efficient aid distribution is critical within the humanitarian logistics framework. This study aims to determine the optimal aid distribution route using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) method, considering both distance and travel time as evaluation criteria. A total of nine distribution points were analyzed, with five ACO parameter configurations tested using MATLAB. The results show that Parameter 5 produced the most optimal route with a total distance of 92.2 km and a travel time of 192 minutes. The resulting route was also visualized geospatially to support practical implementation by on-field decision makers. These findings confirm that ACO is capable of generating efficient routing solutions for emergency logistics under post-disaster conditions. The study contributes to the advancement of metaheuristic-based optimization in disaster response operations and provides a replicable framework for other regions facing similar challenges.

Study of Geometric Design Interaction, Speed Behavior, and Accident Potential on Urban Road Segments

Yuris Aulia — 2026-06-30

Road safety on curved segments that directly interact with at-grade intersections in urban areas remains a serious challenge in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the relationship between road geometric characteristics (curve radius, superelevation, lane width, and stopping sight distance) on vehicle speed and traffic conflict potential, while formulating mitigation strategies at three curve locations in Kediri City intersections. A quantitative descriptive-analytic approach was applied through geometric measurement according to PDGJ 2021, spot speed surveys on 2,455 vehicle samples, and conflict observation using the Swedish Traffic Conflict Technique on 522 conflict events during peak hours. Results show stopping sight distance as the most dominant geometric variable on speed (r = +0.590; R² = 0.997), followed by curve radius (r = -0.436) and superelevation (r = +0.404). Geometric correlation with serious conflict frequency is weak (r = -0.191 to +0.224), while 94.6% of 522 events are serious conflicts. Merging conflicts dominate on Ahmad Dahlan Road, whereas stopping conflicts occur exclusively on Imam Bonjol Road due to stopping sight distance deficiency. Mitigation strategies are formulated based on seven hierarchical risk factors encompassing infrastructure improvement, traffic management, and integrated road user behavior interventions.

The Impact of on-Street Parking and an Off-Street Parking Relocation Scenario on Traffic Performance and Pedestrian Dynamics in an Urban Tourism Area: A Case Study of the Jalan Danau Tamblingan Corridor, Sanur

Aswin Badarudin Atmajaya — 2026-06-30

On-street parking is widely deployed along urban tourism corridors to accommodate short-term accessibility demand, yet the practice tends to erode effective road capacity, intensify side friction, and reallocate road space away from pedestrians. This study examines the effects of on-street parking and a proposed off-street parking relocation scenario on traffic performance and pedestrian dynamics along the Jalan Danau Tamblingan corridor in the Sanur tourism area of Denpasar, Indonesia. A comparative quantitative approach was applied by integrating three analytical layers: road segment performance evaluation based on the Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023), microscopic traffic simulation using PTV Vissim, and pedestrian dynamics assessment through walkability perception surveys and pedestrian crossing demand analysis using the PV² criterion. The results indicate that, under existing conditions, the corridor operates at Level of Service D with a weekend degree of saturation of 0.82 and a substantial directional disparity in operating speeds, which is attributable to the asymmetric distribution of on-street parking. The off-street parking relocation scenario reduces the degree of saturation to 0.72, raises operating speeds to between 23 and 26 km/h, and yields a more uniform directional flow. However, these improvements coincide with intensified pedestrian crossing activity, signaling a shift in the locus of conflict from parking–vehicle interactions toward vehicle–pedestrian interactions. The findings suggest that off-street parking relocation is an effective traffic management measure, but its implementation must be coordinated with pedestrian facility planning to preserve safety and comfort along urban tourism corridors.

Hazardous Material Route Optimization Using Mamdani Fuzzy Logic: A Decision Support System Based on Operational Data

Reza Yoga Anindita — 2026-06-30

This study aims to develop a decision support system based on Mamdani fuzzy logic for optimizing hazardous material (B3) transportation route selection that accommodates operational data uncertainty and linguistic characteristics in decision-making. A quantitative method with soft computing approach was applied to 150 B3 transportation trip data from PT Prasadha Pamunah Limbah Industri during January–June 2025 in the Jabodetabek area. Three input variables—cargo tonnage, travel distance, and order type—were integrated into 18 fuzzy rules with triangular and trapezoidal membership functions, and centroid defuzzification to produce a priority score of 0–100. Data processing used Python 3.11 with pandas, matplotlib, seaborn, and scikit-fuzzy libraries, while spatial data processing applied R 4.3 with tmaptools package and OpenStreetMap API. Model validation involved three B3 transportation experts with a minimum of ten years of experience on 30 purposively selected trip samples. Results showed risk category distributions of low, medium, and high at 54.7%, 31.3%, and 14.0%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that order type was the most dominant variable, where changing from regular to direct order increased the priority score by 30–40 points. Validation yielded a Spearman correlation of 0.879 (p < 0.001), classification accuracy of 83.3%, mean absolute error of 6.0 points, and a non-linear synergy effect of 10–12 points in extreme cases compared to conventional linear models. The developed model proved effective, interpretable, and ready for implementation in real-time B3 transportation management systems. The novelty lies in its ability to capture non-linear synergy effects among variables, providing more realistic risk estimation in heterogeneous Indonesian operational contexts.

Fuel Consumption and Operating Cost Analysis of Denpasar School Buses

Budi Mardikawati — 2026-06-30

This study aims to analyze fuel consumption, vehicle maintenance costs, and vehicle operating cost requirements for school bus services in Denpasar City as a basis for improving the efficiency and sustainability of school transportation services. The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach through field observations, fuel consumption measurements using the full tank-to-full tank method, interviews, documentation, and analysis of fleet operational data. The collected data were analyzed to determine fuel consumption, vehicle maintenance costs, and vehicle operating costs for each route. The results indicate that annual vehicle maintenance costs ranged from IDR 14,693,976 to IDR 29,590,277 per vehicle, with an average of IDR 22,830,576. The average fuel consumption was 0.222 liters per kilometer, with an average fuel efficiency of approximately 4.767 kilometers per liter. The calculation of vehicle operating costs revealed considerable variations among routes, influenced by vehicle age, travel distance, and traffic conditions. These findings suggest that effective maintenance management, fuel consumption control, and operational adjustments based on route characteristics are essential for improving cost efficiency and supporting the long-term sustainability of school bus services.

Optimization of Logistics Delivery Costs at PT. XYZ

A.A.Bagus Oka Khrisna Surya — 2026-06-30

In economic activities, distribution plays an important role in ensuring that a product reaches consumers who in the process require financing where business actors are burdened with a lot of operational costs, especially logistics distribution costs. This study aims to obtain the optimal route in the distribution of goods at PT. XYZ from each warehouse owned to each distribution area based on the number of requests and offers by minimizing the cost of distributing goods objects using a linear program with the NWC method (North West Corner) as the initial adjustment, then continuing to use the Stepping Stone method as the optimal solution whose results are validated by the LINGO application. The results obtained are the optimal distribution route of UREA fertilizer products where the distribution cost can be saved by 8.12 % from the initial cost of Rp.87,368,195,- per month to Rp. 80,805,545,-.

Optimization of Thermal Management Systems for Enhanced Performance and Longevity of Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles: A Simulation-Based Approach using MATLAB

Arif Devi Dwipayana — 2026-06-30

ABSTRACT

This study aims to optimize the thermal management system (Battery Thermal Management System/BTMS) of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles through a simulation-based approach using MATLAB. Battery temperature strongly affects efficiency, safety, and lifespan; therefore, an effective BTMS is crucial to maintain the temperature within the optimal range (25–35°C). A thermal simulation model was developed using a lumped thermal approach, incorporating heat generation, heat capacity, and heat transfer mechanisms under three scenarios: no cooling, air cooling, and Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) cooling. Validation was performed using experimental data from the literature, followed by parameter calibration, resulting in a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) below 5%. The results indicate that TEC cooling is the most effective method, maintaining battery temperature within 30–32°C, significantly lower than no cooling (50°C) and air cooling (42°C). The calibrated simulation model demonstrates high accuracy and can be employed for further analysis, including BTMS energy consumption evaluation, cooling design optimization, and temperature-based battery lifespan prediction. This research provides valuable contributions to the development of more efficient BTMS designs and serves as a solid foundation for future prototyping and experimental validation.

Analysis of Driving Behavior of Freight Transport Drivers on the Tabanan-Gilimanuk Road, Bali Province

Adrian Pradana — 2026-06-30

Safety and security vehicle transport goods on the road is obligations that must be fulfilled fulfilled by every vehicle motorized. However, its implementation in Indonesia is still not optimal, it looks from height number accidents. In 2024, the Indonesian National Police recorded 116,000 cases accidents, increased by 6.8% compared to year previously. Some the cause covering system problem? braking and human error factors due to behavior driving that is not safe. Methodology in research This that is analysis descriptive with analyze behavior driver on the aspect style braking, speed, force maneuver. The purpose of research This that is for know behavior drivers on the Tabanan Gilimanuk road with use braking smoothness tool. In the aspect speed from all driver be at speed safe This namely 8.36 m/s (around 30 km/h) to 10.99 m/s (around 39.6 km/h). In this aspect style braking from 24 samples driver obtained that 16 drivers or 67% get results style braking with category (soft braking) namely (-0.19 to -0.21 g force) while 8 drivers or 33% get style braking with category (harsh braking) namely - 0.22 g force. In this aspect style maneuver from 24 samples vehicle obtained that 14 drivers 58% got results style maneuver with category (low risk) namely (-0.14 to -0.2 g force) while 10 drivers or 42% get style maneuver with category (moderate risk), namely (-0.21 to -0.23 g force). Findings This show that majority drivers on the Tabanan –Gilimanuk route Still show behavior drive safely and carefully.

Beyond Compliance: Aligning Safety Performance Indicators and Targets Across Multiple Operational Frameworks

Dwi Lestary — 2026-06-30

The evolution of transportation safety governance has shifted organizational emphasis from procedural compliance toward performance-based oversight supported by measurable safety outcomes. Within this context, Safety Performance Indicators (SPIs) and Safety Performance Targets (SPTs) serve as important mechanisms for monitoring and maintaining acceptable safety performance. Nevertheless, institutions operating across multiple operational and regulatory environments frequently encounter difficulties in integrating safety performance measurements, resulting in fragmented monitoring practices and inconsistent institutional oversight. This research explores how safety performance measurement can be institutionally integrated across diverse operational domains through the development of a coordinated SPI–SPT governance framework at the Indonesian Civil Aviation Polytechnic – Curug. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed through document analysis, semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, and stakeholder validation conducted between February and August 2024. Data were interpreted using thematic and comparative analytical techniques supported by methodological triangulation. The analysis revealed variations in safety performance implementation across operational domains, resulting in the identification of eighteen institutional indicators and fifteen measurable safety targets. Differences in reporting structures, monitoring practices, and target interpretation were found to constrain integrated safety evaluation and proactive risk oversight. The resulting framework combines institutional safety data consolidation, performance alignment mechanisms, and governance review processes to support integrated and performance-informed safety oversight. The study contributes a broader transportation safety governance perspective that may support institutional safety integration across complex operational environments beyond the aviation sector.