Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi dan Logistik

Optimization of Intercity Bus Terminal Operations: Capacity and Frequency Analysis Based on Production Data to Improve Efficiency in Cirebon Regency

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Optimizing the operation of intercity bus terminals is a crucial step to improve the efficiency of the public transportation system. This study analyzes and optimizes the performance of terminals in Cirebon Regency through a data-based approach on capacity and frequency. Using a quantitative method with a case study in August-November 2025, route production data was analyzed descriptively and inferentially, followed by integer programming optimization modeling. The results showed a structural imbalance: route utilization varied from 45% to 90%, leading to an average queue of 22 minutes. The optimization model results in a scenario of redistributing 8 trips from peak hours and consolidating three low-frequency routes. The simulation proves that this scenario is able to reduce queue time by 35% and increase system utilization to 84.1% with lower disparity. The findings confirm that the analysis of production data is effective for formulating scalable terminal operational optimization solutions.

Implementation of A Light Reflector Detector (APC) to Analyze the Percentage of Counterfeit APC in Bali Province

Surya Aji Ermanto, Riz Rifai Oktavianus Sasue, Adrian Pradana — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The study aims to examine the proportion of counterfeit APC circulating in Bali. The research is motivated by the safety risks posed by the widespread distribution of counterfeit APC that fail to meet the reflectivity standards of SNI 1907:2015, particularly within Bali’s dense traffic conditions and winding road characteristics. Previous studies indicate that 45% of APC used in Bali’s traditional markets are non-standard, potentially reducing drivers’ visibility distance by up to 30%. To comprehensively assess the distribution of counterfeit APC across the nine regencies of Bali, this study implements a low-cost APC detector developed by the Bali Land Transport Polytechnic, which demonstrates high accuracy. The method used is descriptive statistics, with vehicle sample testing conducted at the Motor Vehicle Testing Units, based on minimum reflectivity thresholds of 120 Lux for red APC and 300 Lux for yellow APC. The results indicate that the overall percentage of counterfeit (non-compliant) APCs in Bali Province reaches 60.7%. The highest failure rate is found in Tabanan Regency (approximately 70%), while the lowest rates are observed in Gianyar and Bangli (both around 52%). Additionally, non-compliant samples are predominantly found in the yellow APC category.

Identification of Factors Causing Work Fatigue and Its Impact on Driving Safety Among Morning and Night Shift Drivers on Public Transportation in Jakarta

Yusime Fitasari, I Gusti Bagus Eka Nitiyasa, Budi Mardikawati — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Jakarta, as the center of national activity, faces an increasing population and motorized vehicle population, which adds to traffic safety challenges. Public transportation drivers, including Transjakarta , work shifts that can potentially lead to fatigue, particularly the night shift, which is more susceptible to circadian rhythm disruption. This study aims to analyze driver fatigue levels, compare fatigue between morning and night shifts, and examine the effect of fatigue on driving safety and the possible moderating role of shift work. The study used a quantitative approach using the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI) instrument, adapted into Indonesian, and demonstrated good validity and reliability (CVI > 0.80; Cronbach's Alpha > 0.70). The sample consisted of 223 public transportation drivers in DKI Jakarta, and analyzes were conducted using descriptive statistics, the Mann–Whitney difference test, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. The results showed that sleep time was the most significant contributing factor to differences in fatigue, while differences in fatigue levels between shifts were not significant. Pearson correlations showed that fatigue dimensions, particularly sleepiness and lack of motivation, were strongly associated with decreased driving safety. Regression analysis confirmed that both dimensions were significant predictors of safety.

Development of A Surface Distress Index Prediction Framework using Artificial Neural Networks for Roads Infrastructure Management

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Road infrastructure is a crucial element of urban development, affecting transportation efficiency and road safety. Conventional techniques for evaluating road conditions often fail to capture the full complexity of deterioration and damage over time. This study explores the potential of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in predicting road conditions to optimize sustainable infrastructure management. The model was trained using a dataset comprising 2.467 observations of road damage collected over five years from 42 urban road sections. By integrating surface damage parameters such as crack area, crack gap, pothole, and rutting, the model was configured with 4 neurons in the first hidden layer and 4 neurons in the second hidden layer. The predictive model for the Surface Distress Index (SDI) revealed excellent performance, achieving an R² value of 0.95, a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 0.02, and a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.05. The model can be effectively applied to assess road conditions with a high level of precision and reliability.

Analysis of Parking Characteristics in the Center of Labuan Bajo City

Sun, 11 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Labuan Bajo, a well-known tourist spot, has seen a quick increase in the number of vehicles, growing by an average of 6.02% each year, according to data from the West Manggarai Regency Central Statistics Agency. However, this increase has not been matched by sufficient parking spaces. Because of this, people are using roadside parking along Jalan Soekarno Hatta Bawah, which causes traffic jams. This study looks closely at how light vehicles and motorcycles park in the main area of Labuan Bajo City. The research method involves a 10-hour parking survey during peak times, from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM, on days that are considered busy due to work activity. Primary data was gathered to figure out different parking features like the number of vehicles, how many are parked at the same time, how long they stay, how often parking spaces are used, how many spaces are available, and the parking index. The results showed that for motorcycles, there were 702 parked vehicles, with a peak of 194 vehicles per hour, but the capacity was only 65 vehicles per hour. For light vehicles, the number was 409, with a peak of 34 vehicles per hour, and the capacity was just 25 vehicles per hour. The analysis found that the Parking Index was over 1 for both types of vehicles, which means there is not enough parking space, and there is a strong need for a better, centralized parking system.

Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies in Logistics Transportation: A Case Study of Truck Fleet Route Optimization using the Vehicle Routing Problem in Denpasar City

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Efficient logistics distribution is a key factor in strengthening business competitiveness, particularly in urban areas such as Denpasar, Bali, which face congestion and infrastructure limitations. This study aims to optimize logistics distribution routes by applying the Vehicle Routing Problem method supported by a Geographic Information System. The study evaluates strategies to reduce carbon emissions in Denpasar’s logistics operations through route optimization using the Vehicle Routing Problem approach integrated with Geographic Information System tools. The data include existing routes of PT X, vehicle characteristics, fuel consumption, travel distance, and route elevation. Carbon emissions are calculated using a diesel emission factor of 2.7 kilograms of CO? per liter. The analysis uses ORS Tools in QGIS to generate optimal routes that consider distance and elevation gain. The results indicate a strong influence of topography on fuel consumption. The Ubud route shows substantial elevation gain, which increases energy demand and emissions. Route optimization reduces emissions by 11.61 percent on the Ubud to Ngurah Rai route and by 8.97 percent on the Mengwi to Ngurah Rai route. These findings highlight the importance of terrain based route modeling to improve logistics distribution efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.

Analysis of Reverse Logistics Implementation on the Productivity of Local Craft Products in Bali using the Objective Matrix (OMAX)

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Reverse logistics has become a critical component of modern logistics systems, particularly through recycling processes. At the same time, production productivity is an essential aspect that must be continuously evaluated by business owners. This study aims to explore the implementation of reverse logistics in the local craft industry and to identify production stages that require performance evaluation. Data were collected through direct field surveys, including interviews and questionnaires administered to local craft business owners. Using a holistic approach and data analysis based on the Objective Matrix (OMAX) method, this study seeks to obtain accurate and relevant results aligned with the research objectives. Therefore, this research emphasizes the importance of identifying reverse logistics practices, particularly recycling processes, and assessing the productivity of local craft production.

Analysis of the Goods Supply Distribution at CV. AMB

Putu Diva Ariesthana Sadri, Ahmad Soimun, Putu Eka Suartawan — Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Goods distribution is one of the critical aspects of supply chain management that directly affects a company’s operational efficiency. Optimal delivery efficiency can reduce logistics costs and improve customer service levels. CV. AMB, as a company engaged in electronic goods distribution, faces challenges in determining efficient and effective delivery routes. Irregularities in route planning can lead to increased costs and delivery time. The use of optimization algorithms, such as Dijkstra’s Algorithm, has been proven to assist companies in determining the shortest and fastest routes. Therefore, this study aims to analyze and optimize the distribution routes of CV. AMB in order to improve delivery efficiency. This study utilizes primary and secondary data. The primary data consist of interview survey results with the management of CV. AMB regarding the existing conditions of goods supply distribution from the central warehouse to all retail outlets, as well as distance data between outlets and the distribution warehouse obtained using Google Maps/Earth. The secondary data include road network data in the Province of Bali. The results of this study indicate that Dijkstra’s Algorithm is able to improve delivery efficiency by identifying the shortest route with a distance of 41.6 km and the fastest travel time of 124 minutes. In addition, the alternative routes obtained are capable of reducing travel costs in terms of fuel consumption by 26.923% compared to the previous costs.

Blockchain-Enabled Digital Twin Framework for Real-Time Risk Mitigation and Carbon Footprint Tracking in Global Pharmaceutical Cold Chains

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The global pharmaceutical cold chain faces the dual challenge of the risk that temperature deviations will threaten product integrity and the demands of operational carbon footprint transparency. The purpose of this research is to design a conceptual framework that integrates Digital Twin and Blockchain for real-time risk mitigation and verified carbon tracking. The research method uses the Design Science Research (DSR) approach with the stages of architectural design, conceptual model development, and validation through case studies of international vaccine travel simulations. The results of the research resulted in a Blockchain-Enabled Digital Twin (BC-DT) framework with a five-layer architecture that connects IoT sensors, predictive Digital Twin engines, and Blockchain ledgers as the foundation of trust. Simulations show that the framework is able to detect anomalies 64.7% faster and respond 75% faster than conventional threshold-based systems, while generating granular and verified carbon emission calculations for each product journey. The findings indicate that the synergistic integration of these two technologies offers a holistic solution to improve operational resilience and environmental accountability in the pharmaceutical supply chain.

Central Warehouse Selection with Multimodal Emission Considerations

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The selection of a central warehouse location is a critical decision in logistics systems, as it is influenced by business process uncertainty, cost optimization, and environmental considerations such as CO? emissions. In the context of Bali Province, logistics activities involving the transportation of goods from Java are closely associated with these challenges. Addressing environmental concerns through sustainable logistics principles requires an analytical approach that accounts for uncertainty in logistics operations. This study applies simulation-based stochastic modeling using AnyLogic software integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS) features to evaluate alternative central warehouse locations based on CO? emission calculations. The logistics distribution model incorporates both land and sea transportation modes, reflecting the real distribution conditions between Java and Bali. The simulation results indicate that Mangupura is the preferred location for the central warehouse, despite Negara having a shorter average transportation distance.

Design of Type A Terminal Layout Based on User Experience to Improve Circulation Efficiency and Comfort

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Mengwi Terminal, as a Type A terminal, plays an important role in the land transportation system in Bali; however, its utilization has not been optimal due to irregular circulation, unclear spatial zoning, and low user comfort. This study aims to design a terminal layout based on user experience to improve circulation efficiency and comfort. The research employed a mixed approach through field observation, user journey mapping, and user perception surveys on ease of use, accessibility, and terminal space quality. The analysis focused on passenger movement patterns, circulation bottlenecks, and the integration of facility zoning. The results indicate major obstacles in pedestrian pathways, conflicts between passenger and vehicle movements, and the lack of intuitive wayfinding systems. Based on these findings, a user experience–based terminal layout design was developed, emphasizing the separation of arrival and departure flows, improved spatial zoning, and strengthened visual information systems. The proposed design enhances circulation flow and user comfort while supporting the development of Mengwi Terminal as a more effective and user-oriented transportation hub.

Improving Passengers’ Experience on Type-B Terminal in Batu, East Java, Using Importance Performance Analysis

Tue, 30 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Measuring passenger satisfaction at bus terminals is important to ensure the services provided are in line with user expectations and to improve service quality. Many factors contribute to passenger satisfaction at the bus terminal, for example, safety and comfort, accessibility, and other supporting facilities. This research is trying to figure out the variables that need to be prioritised for improving passenger experience and satisfaction on type-B terminal in Batu. The conformity level shows a percentage of 84%, included in the upper low classification, which means that on average, the variables assessed in the service level of the Batu City Type B Terminal are still at a low satisfactory level so that a lot of evaluation and improvement is still needed in service to passengers. Finally, based on the IPA analysis that has been carried out, there are 7 variables included in quadrant I, where these 7 variables must receive primary attention in efforts to improve terminal services. These seven variables have a high importance value, but existing services are still considered inadequate by passengers, so they must receive priority in efforts to improve services.