The Impact of on-Street Parking and an Off-Street Parking Relocation Scenario on Traffic Performance and Pedestrian Dynamics in an Urban Tourism Area: A Case Study of the Jalan Danau Tamblingan Corridor, Sanur

Abstract

On-street parking is widely deployed along urban tourism corridors to accommodate short-term accessibility demand, yet the practice tends to erode effective road capacity, intensify side friction, and reallocate road space away from pedestrians. This study examines the effects of on-street parking and a proposed off-street parking relocation scenario on traffic performance and pedestrian dynamics along the Jalan Danau Tamblingan corridor in the Sanur tourism area of Denpasar, Indonesia. A comparative quantitative approach was applied by integrating three analytical layers: road segment performance evaluation based on the Indonesian Highway Capacity Guidelines (PKJI 2023), microscopic traffic simulation using PTV Vissim, and pedestrian dynamics assessment through walkability perception surveys and pedestrian crossing demand analysis using the PV² criterion. The results indicate that, under existing conditions, the corridor operates at Level of Service D with a weekend degree of saturation of 0.82 and a substantial directional disparity in operating speeds, which is attributable to the asymmetric distribution of on-street parking. The off-street parking relocation scenario reduces the degree of saturation to 0.72, raises operating speeds to between 23 and 26 km/h, and yields a more uniform directional flow. However, these improvements coincide with intensified pedestrian crossing activity, signaling a shift in the locus of conflict from parking–vehicle interactions toward vehicle–pedestrian interactions. The findings suggest that off-street parking relocation is an effective traffic management measure, but its implementation must be coordinated with pedestrian facility planning to preserve safety and comfort along urban tourism corridors.