Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies in Logistics Transportation: A Case Study of Truck Fleet Route Optimization using the Vehicle Routing Problem in Denpasar City

Authors

  • Anggun Prima Rupaka Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Nengah Widiangga Gautama Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Dynes Rizky Navianti Politeknik Transportasi Darat Bali
  • Asyraful Insan Asry Politeknik ATI Makassar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v6i2.502

Keywords:

carbon emission, route optimization, VRP

Abstract

Efficient logistics distribution is a key factor in strengthening business competitiveness, particularly in urban areas such as Denpasar, Bali, which face congestion and infrastructure limitations. This study aims to optimize logistics distribution routes by applying the Vehicle Routing Problem method supported by a Geographic Information System. The study evaluates strategies to reduce carbon emissions in Denpasar’s logistics operations through route optimization using the Vehicle Routing Problem approach integrated with Geographic Information System tools. The data include existing routes of PT X, vehicle characteristics, fuel consumption, travel distance, and route elevation. Carbon emissions are calculated using a diesel emission factor of 2.7 kilograms of CO? per liter. The analysis uses ORS Tools in QGIS to generate optimal routes that consider distance and elevation gain. The results indicate a strong influence of topography on fuel consumption. The Ubud route shows substantial elevation gain, which increases energy demand and emissions. Route optimization reduces emissions by 11.61 percent on the Ubud to Ngurah Rai route and by 8.97 percent on the Mengwi to Ngurah Rai route. These findings highlight the importance of terrain based route modeling to improve logistics distribution efficiency and reduce carbon emissions.

References

Albino, V., Berardi, U., & Dangelico, R. M. (2015). Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives. Journal of Urban Technology, 22(1), 3–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/10630732.2014.942092

Fahimnia, B., Bell, M. G. H., Hensher, D. A., & Sarkis, J. (2015). Greening of Industry Networks Studies Green Logistics and Transportation A Sustainable Supply Chain Perspective. Cham: Springer Intenational Publishing. http://www.springer.com/series/10444

Hao, Y., Liu, H., Chen, H., Sha, Y., Ji, H., & Fan, J. (2019). What affect consumers’ willingness to pay for green packaging? Evidence from China. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 141, 21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.10.001

Ishfaq, A., Ijaz, H., & Hussain, S. T. (2025). Optimizing delivery routes, enhancing supply chain efficiency, and investing in infrastructure: a strategic approach to reducing carbon emissions from the transport sector. Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport.

Lai, D., Costa, Y., & Woensel, T. (2021). The pollution-routing problem with speed optimization and uneven topography. Computers & Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2021.105264

Lin, C., Choy, K. L., Ho, G. T. S., Chung, S. H., & Lam, H. Y. (2014). Survey of Green Vehicle Routing Problem: Past and future trends. Expert Systems with Applications, 41(4), 1118–1138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.07.107

Macharis, C., Milan, L., & Verlinde, S. (2014). A stakeholder-based multicriteria evaluation framework for city distribution. Research in Transportation Business and Management, 11, 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2014.06.004

Mafaza, G. A., & Muslim, E. (2024). Analisa Optimalisasi Rute Distribusi Untuk Mengefisiensikan Logistik Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika. Matrik: Jurnal Manajemen Dan Teknik Industri Produksi, 25(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.30587/matrik.v25i1.7989

Mathers, J., Wolfe, C., Norsworthy, M., & Craft, E. (2024). The Green Freight Handbook A Practical Guide for Developing a Sustainable Freight Transportation Strategy for Business.

Ministry of Natural Resources Canada. (2025). 2025 Fuel Consumption Guide. https://natural-resources.canada.ca/sites/nrcan/files/files/pdf/2025%20Fuel%20Consumption%20Guide.pdf

Nolde, N., Schnell, J., Dawson, N., & Frankenbach, T. (2024). ORS Tools QGIS plugin. https://github.com/GIScience/orstools-qgis-plugin

Oceania, S. A., & Narantaka. (2024). Enhancing Sustainability in Logistics with Synch: A Comprehensive Analysis of Green Supply chain Management through Technology Integration. LOGISTIK, 17(02), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.21009/logistik.v17i02.49769

Pan, S., Zhou, W., Piramuthu, S., Giannikas, V., & Chen, C. (2021). Smart city for sustainable urban freight logistics. International Journal of Production Research, 59(7), 2079–2089. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2021.1893970

Pangestu, R. C. K., & Ayuningsasi, A. A. K. (2024). Pengaruh Konsumsi Energi Sektor Industri, Rumah Tangga, dan Transportasi terhadap Emisi Karbon di Indonesia. Inisiatif: Jurnal Ekonomi, Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 3(4), 297–311. https://doi.org/10.30640/inisiatif.v3i4.3154

Peng, C., Wang, Y., Xu, T., & Chen, Y. (2023). Transient fuel consumption prediction for heavy-duty trucks using on-road measurements. International Journal of Sustainable Transportation, 17(8), 956–967. https://doi.org/10.1080/15568318.2022.2130842

Pradnyawati, I. A. K., & Werastuti, D. N. S. (2024). Pengaruh Pengungkapan Emisi Karbon, Biaya Lingkungan, dan Good Corporate Governance terhadap Nilai Perusahaan. Vokasi: Jurnal Riset Akuntansi, 13(1).

Putri, D. W. C., Hayati, S. N. K., Widitya, I. W. O., Hasbi Ramadhani, M., Wahyu Nurdiansyah, D., Kawakib Sanjaya, A., Khozin Fuadi, M., & Hanin Afanin, R. (2025). Penggunaan Kendaran Listrik Terhadap Pengurangan Emisi Karbon di Indonesia. Jurnal Angka, 2(1). http://jurnalilmiah.org/journal/index.php/angka

Setyono, P., Himawan, W., & Nancy, N. (2020). Estimasi Emisi Partikulat (PM 10 ) akibat Ragam Aktivitas Urban di Kota Surakarta. 18, 556–564. https://doi.org/10.14710/jil.18.3.556-564

Sudarti, S., Yushardi, Y., & Kasanah, N. (2022). Analisis Potensi Emisi CO2 Oleh Berbagai Jenis Kendaraan Bermotor di Jalan Raya Kemantren Kabupaten Sidoarjo. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam Dan Lingkungan, 9(2), 70–75. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jsal.2022.009.02.4

Validi, A., Polasek, N., Alabi, L., Leitner, M., & Olaverri-Monreal, C. (2020). Environmental Impact of Bundling Transport Deliveries Using SUMO?: Analysis of a cooperative approach in Austria. Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies, CISTI, 2020-June. https://doi.org/10.23919/CISTI49556.2020.9141129

Wang, J., et al. (2023). Measuring the route topography impact on real driving emissions based on neural network models. Environmental Research, 231, 116072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2023.116072

Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., Xue, W., & Li, J. (2015). Vehicle routing problem with fuel consumption and carbon emission. International Journal of Production Economics, 170, 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2015.09.031

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Rupaka, A. P., Gautama, N. W. ., Navianti, D. R. ., & Asry, A. I. . (2025). Carbon Emission Reduction Strategies in Logistics Transportation: A Case Study of Truck Fleet Route Optimization using the Vehicle Routing Problem in Denpasar City. Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi Dan Logistik, 6(2), 207-214. https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v6i2.502

Issue

Vol. 6 No. 2 (2025): December 2025

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2026 Jurnal Teknologi Transportasi dan Logistik

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>