Blockchain-Enabled Digital Twin Framework for Real-Time Risk Mitigation and Carbon Footprint Tracking in Global Pharmaceutical Cold Chains
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52920/jttl.v6i2.488Keywords:
blockchain, carbon footprint, digital twin, pharmaceutical cold chain, risk mitigationAbstract
The global pharmaceutical cold chain faces the dual challenge of the risk that temperature deviations will threaten product integrity and the demands of operational carbon footprint transparency. The purpose of this research is to design a conceptual framework that integrates Digital Twin and Blockchain for real-time risk mitigation and verified carbon tracking. The research method uses the Design Science Research (DSR) approach with the stages of architectural design, conceptual model development, and validation through case studies of international vaccine travel simulations. The results of the research resulted in a Blockchain-Enabled Digital Twin (BC-DT) framework with a five-layer architecture that connects IoT sensors, predictive Digital Twin engines, and Blockchain ledgers as the foundation of trust. Simulations show that the framework is able to detect anomalies 64.7% faster and respond 75% faster than conventional threshold-based systems, while generating granular and verified carbon emission calculations for each product journey. The findings indicate that the synergistic integration of these two technologies offers a holistic solution to improve operational resilience and environmental accountability in the pharmaceutical supply chain.
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